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Inheritance of Tears: Trusting the Lord of Life When Death Visits the Womb, by Jessalyn Hutto
Endorsed by Russell and Maria Moore, Jen Wilkin, Courtney Reissig, Tom Schreiner, and more.
When a woman becomes pregnant, miscarriage is usually the furthest thing from her mind. Such was the case for Jessalyn Hutto when she became pregnant with her first baby. But as is all too common in our post-fall world, the life she carried came to an abrupt end. Death had visited her womb, and the horrors of miscarriage had become a part of her life’s story.
Ultimately, she would lose two children in the womb, at 6 and 15 weeks gestation. Through these painful losses, a whole new world of suffering opened up to her. It seemed that everywhere she looked women were quietly mourning the loss of their unborn children. Yet this particular type of loss has been grossly overlooked by the church.
Couples navigating the unique sorrow of losing a child are often left with little biblical counsel to draw upon. Well-meaning friends and family often offer empty platitudes and Christian clichés. But what these couples truly need is the hope of the gospel.
Short, sensitive, and theologically robust, Inheritance of Tears offers hope and comfort to those who are called to walk through the painful trial of miscarriage, and shows pastors and church members how to effectively minister to these parents in their time of need.
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Death had visited her womb and the horrors of miscarriage had become a part of her life’s story.
Ultimately, she would lose two precious children in the womb, one at 6 weeks gestation and another at 15 weeks. Through these painful losses, a whole new world of suffering opened up to her. It seemed as though no matter where she looked there were women quietly mourning the loss of their unborn children. What she had once assumed to be a rare occurrence was now revealed to be an extremely common experience among women. Yet, this particular type of loss is one that has been grossly overlooked by the church.
Jessalyn found that as couples seek to navigate the unique difficulties inherent in losing a child, they are often left with little biblical counsel to draw upon. More often than not, well-meaning friends and family seek to alleviate their sorrow by offering encouragement in the form of empty platitudes and Christian clichés. But what these couples truly need is the hope of the gospel. This is what led Jessalyn Hutto to write Inheritance of Tears.
In this short book, Hutto seeks to deal honestly and sensitively with the issue of miscarriage and reveal how it relates to the Word of God. She does so by answering questions like: * Why do babies have to die in the womb? / * Do miscarriages take God by surprise? / * Does God care about your pain? / * How can any good come from something so terrible? / * How can I find joy in the midst of such intense sorrow?
By providing a biblical context for miscarriage, she beckons mourning mothers and fathers to walk triumphantly through the valley of the shadow of death by fixing their eyes upon their loving Savior, who will one day do away with death and sorrow forever. ••• Short, sensitive, and theologically robust, Inheritance of Tears is a book that every pastor and church member can confidently share with those who are called to walk through the painful trial of miscarriage, and in reading the book themselves, they will gain greater insight into how to effectively minister to these parents in their time of need.
Author
Jessalyn Hutto lives near Houston, Texas where she serves alongside her husband in his ministry as a church planter. They are blessed to have four young children: Elliot, Hudson, Owen, and Roseveare. You can visit her website, JessalynHutto.com, where she frequently writes about theology, shares personal devotions, and reviews books for women.
Endorsements
“We wish there had been good Christian books on miscarriage available when we faced that terrible trial.”
—Russell and Maria Moore
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“We wish there had been good Christian books on miscarriage available when we faced that terrible trial. This book is written out of deep suffering, but with an even deeper sense of hope. This book can help you think and pray if you have faced miscarriage, and it can help you understand how to minister to someone who has.”
—Russell and Maria Moore
“Miscarriage places women in a secret club that nobody wants to join, but many find themselves in. Because of the nature of the loss, many women grasp for hope in the overwhelming days of grief that follow. I have twice been that woman, and Jessalyn Hutto has written the book I wish I’d had as I walked through the pain of our miscarriages. Filled with Scripture, empathy, and rock-solid hope that God is a good and all-loving Father, this book will be a healing balm to grieving women in your local church.”
—Courtney Reissig, author, The Accidental Feminist: Restoring Our Delight in God’s Good Design (Crossway)
“This book is equally important for those who have suffered miscarriage and those who have not. Rarely is the topic of miscarriage addressed with such candor and depth. Deeply personal and brave, Inheritance of Tears unveils a picture of miscarriage drawn from first-hand experience and attentive consideration of Scripture. Jessalyn invites us to ask the hard questions, to enter into the suffering of our sisters, to remember the goodness of God even in the midst of unspeakable loss. May her words minister to many.”
—Jen Wilkin, author, Women of the Word (Crossway)
“Miscarriage? Don’t talk about it. Sadly, this is the approach many churches take. As a result, the woman in the pew suffers unbearable pain and grieves all alone. Change must happen, and Inheritance of Tears is the place to start. Speaking from firsthand experience, Jessalyn Hutto compassionately wipes the tears from the desolate woman’s eyes so that she can see the insurmountable love and unbreakable sovereignty of her Savior, Jesus Christ.”
—Matthew Barrett, Executive Editor, Credo Magazine; Assistant Prof. of Christian Studies, California Baptist U.
“Comforting, biblical, helpful—Inheritance of Tears brings to life the difficulty of miscarriage and the love of our Savior. Jessalyn knows the sufferings of miscarriage and provides a needed word for anyone who has experienced this great loss. A great resource for the church.”
—Trillia Newbell, author of Fear and Faith (2015) and United (2014)
“Jessalyn Hutto invites you to experience God’s goodness in the midst of your suffering. Having walked through the sorrow of miscarriage, my heart resonates with Jessalyn’s bittersweet journey. Jessalyn doesn’t back away from the tough questions that loss brings, but offers biblical counsel for the hurting as one who understands their pain. Inheritance of Tears: Trusting the Lord of Life When Death Visits the Womb is a personal word of truth and comfort that I highly recommend.”
—Kimberly Wagner, author, Fierce Women: The Power of a Soft Warrior (Moody)
“This is a needed resource for those struggling to know God in the midst of their suffering. Without a solid theological framework, God’s role in our suffering is hard to navigate. Jessalyn gives the needed resources to know in truth the God of All Comfort, for only from that foundation can we receive his deep rest in the midst of pain.”
—Wendy Alsup, author, Practical Theology for Women: How Knowing God Makes a Difference in Our Daily Lives
“The pain of miscarriages is grievous and profound. Jessalyn Hutto helps us think about this matter personally, sharing her own anguish and pain. At the same time, she guides us theologically, so that we see God’s wisdom, God’s purpose, and God’s love in the midst of our suffering. I gladly recommend this work to others.”
—Tom Schreiner, Professor of New Testament Interpretation, The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary
“If you are suffering, I’m so glad you are holding this book. You won’t find soggy counsel, glib advice, or verses ripped out of context to make the author’s point. Jessalyn writes with warmth, conviction, and clarity, helping us stare down suffering by directing our gaze to the Lord of glory. I think you, and thousands of other women, will be helped by this wonderful book.”
—JA Medders, author; Gospel Formed: Living a Grace-Addicted, Truth-Filled, Jesus-Exalting Life (Kregel)
Blog Review –
“she doesn’t shy away from those questions that put a knot in my stomach”
“Tears may, and must come; but if they gather in eyes that are constantly looking up to (God) and heaven, they will glisten with the brightness of the coming glory.” ~Susannah Spurgeon
We were all supposed to leave for a weekend away at the coast—a mama’s get-away-weekend filled with snacks and walks and late-night-talking-laughing. But right before our departure date, a close friend who was going with us received the news that she had miscarried.
The little life we’d rejoiced over just weeks before, had died and her heart was crushed.
And then again, about six months later, she experience another leap of great joy followed by a blow of grief and sorrow.
Jessalyn Hutto wrote this book for my friend.
And I will share this book with my friend.
But she also wrote it for me.
Because when the pain of miscarriage overwhelms, “women don’t need empty platitudes or frivolous advice when their babies die: they need God and His Word! When crippled by such bewildering pain, suffering couples need truth to stand upon. They need fellow believers equipped to come alongside them in their time of grief—friends who understand their sorrow and can graciously and wisely offer the hope of the gospel” (Inheritance, pg. 12).
Jessalyn writes this book from a place of vulnerability and understanding as she shares the grief of her own miscarriages. This is not a book filled with quick, pat answers, but one that bravely addresses the many questions that surface when a parent experiences the loss of a child. So many of her words resonated with my heart (and brought tears) even as memories of our Selah’s death resurfaced.
I so appreciate that she doesn’t shy away from those questions that put a knot in my stomach—Is God really in control of all things? Is God really good? Why me—why our child? What happens to babies who die? How can God use this in my life?
She also addresses the fear and anxiety that comes with facing death, and in particular with miscarriage, she shares how “after a miscarriage, fear of loss threatens to eclipse the joy of each new pregnancy you are blessed with. Every day (during subsequent pregnancies) is a battle to trust God with the future of your unborn child…” (pg. 61).
I hesitate to even share those questions, because I know as a mama who has also lost a child to disease and death, that even in raising them—the fear-anger-panic will rise in many who have faced this kind of deep grief. But Jessalyn addresses each question in a tender, honest way as she shares her own wrestling and as she offers real hope that is rooted in God’s Word. If you are struggling through these grief questions, you will appreciate her willingness allow for the struggle, to face the fears and to offer real answers that come from God.
This book is needed and I pray it will offer hope and healing to the many mothers (and fathers) whose lives have been pierced by the pain of miscarriage.
“The key is not to escape the grief that miscarriage brings, but to drive our souls into the shelter of Jesus’ gospel during that sorrow…” ~Jessalyn Hutto
Kara Chupp
Blog Review –
“I came to this book desperately wanting to learn how to be a better friend and care more effectively. God used this book.”
The Bible says, “…man is born to trouble as the sparks fly upward” (Job 5:7). There isn’t a person living who hasn’t experienced trouble. For many couples, miscarriage is one such trouble. In the midst of suffering, we are faced with hard questions:
Who is in control in the midst of trials and suffering?
Is God good? Can I really trust Him?
Why do babies die? Is it because of something that we do?
Does anyone understand my suffering?
What purpose, if any, does my pain serve?
What happens to babies that die?
Jessalyn Hutto knows the pain of miscarriage. In her book, Inheritance of Tears, she answers these questions, as well as, others and seeks to comfort couples with the comfort with which she has been comforted by God (2 Corinthians 1:4). She points others to the rock-solid truth of God’s character as revealed in His Word and to the hope that we can have in Jesus Christ. While miscarriage is the specific context to which Jessalyn speaks, her words can easily be more generally applied to suffering and trials.
Unlike Jessalyn, I have not experienced miscarriage first hand. However, when my friends and family have faced miscarriage, my attempts to comfort them have seemed woefully inadequate. I came to this book desperately wanting to learn how to be a better friend and care more effectively. God used this book to remind me that the most helpful comforter is the one who points the sufferer back to God. He wants His children to draw comfort from Him. As Jessalyn writes:
“Indeed, even the feelings of isolation can be a great blessing, for isolation from all worldly comforts forces us to draw comfort from the Lord himself” (pg. 55)
and
“Trials sanctify us and draw us into closer fellowship with God, which inevitably leads to genuine, eternal happiness” (pg. 72).
Inheritance of Tears is a Biblically faithful primer on suffering. Jessalyn writes honestly about the questions that miscarriage raises. I pray that God will use this book to comfort many couples in the face of loss and to equip many more to be Gospel-centered comforters.
*Many thanks to Jessalyn Hutto and Cruciform Press for providing me with a complimentary copy of Inheritance of Tears in exchange for my honest opinion!
E. Hankins at The Hankins Family
Blog Review –
“Jessalyn doesn’t shy away from tackling the hard questions that arise and answers them from the Scriptures.”
Children are precious gifts from the Lord, and we are filled with anticipation from the moment the test comes back positive and we hear that first heart beat. We eagerly watch their growth via ultrasound, and then the day comes when we finally hold our beloved babies in our arms after nine long months. But tragically, not every pregnancy ends in joy.
How do you comfort a mother when “death visits the womb?” How do you minister to her grieving heart?
I have not had a miscarriage, so I would not even know where to begin. But Jessalyn Hutto does, and she has written Inheritance of Tears out of her own experience.
This is a very moving and personal book as Jessalyn shares about her two miscarriages and her struggles to make sense of why God would allow this tragedy. But at the same time, this is a very accessible, theologically sound book because a trial of this magnitude cannot be supported with pat answers. It needs to be borne up by the solid foundation of God’s Word and His character. So her experience leads into the discussion of the fall and its consequences, God’s sovereignty, and a loving Savior who enters into this sorrow. Jessalyn doesn’t shy away from tackling the hard questions that arise and answers them from the Scriptures. Also, each chapter ends with a prayer for the suffering mother, which brought me to tears.
I highly recommend Inheritance of Tears. I believe this would provide great help and spiritual comfort for the mother who has suffered a miscarriage. This would also be an excellent resource for pastors and those who want to come alongside her.
The key is not to escape the grief that miscarriage brings, but to drive our souls into the shelter of Jesus’ gospel during that sorrow. In this way, as we remind ourselves over and over of the glory that is ours in Christ Jesus, the light of his gospel will eclipse the darkness of death that has visited our wombs. The suffering we face presently will be overshadowed by the glorious inheritance yet to come. This is the battle we fight through faith. And as we fight, experiencing glimmers of our eternal reality along the way, our souls will be happy in Jesus. (100)
I received a copy of this book from Cruciform Press. I was not required to write a positive review. The opinions I have expressed are my own. I am disclosing this in accordance with the Federal Trade Commission’s 16 CFR, Part 255: “Guides Concerning the Use of Endorsements and Testimonials in Advertising.”
Persis, Tried with Fire
Blog Review –
“Powerful and important”
Why do bad things happen? Perhaps the sting of pain is most distinctly felt in the loss of a child, particularly the loss of a child through miscarriage. The cessation of that unborn life before there was the chance to break forth from the womb and for the parents to enjoy raising up their child assuredly is a heart-wrenching and devastating event. Is there good to be found in such tragedy? Is God still in control in the midst of such sorrow and grief? Jessalyn Hutto, in her powerful new book Inheritance of Tears: Trusting the Lord of Life When Death Visits the Womb, shares her experience with miscarriages and how she came to realize that in the midst of life’s storms, God is always there and remains sovereign.
The pain of miscarriage is quite evident and Jessalyn shares quite vividly the pain she experienced. I can only imagine what it must be like to have lost a child in such an early stage of pregnancy and what it must be like to come back to a church setting where it seems every other woman in the building is experiencing the joy of their baby boy or girl. This topic is something I have heard little spoken about in church, perhaps because as Jessalyn notes, most people do not know how to respond to someone who has gone through the pain of miscarriage. Perhaps this is because most do not have a good grasp on the sovereignty of God.
It is that very topic and how Jessalyn unpacks that important theological subject against the background of her own experiences that makes this book so powerful and important. Even if dealing with a miscarriage is not something you have experienced or are currently experiencing, the fact of the matter is at some point in life, you will face tragedy. Whether that is the loss of a loved one either expectedly or unexpectedly, the loss of your job, financial woes, health issues, or any number of problems, in this life we will have trouble. Scripture makes it quite clear that in a world dealing with the problem of sin, we will all come face to face with tragedy and sorrow.
How we handle such situations is key. Jessalyn aptly notes “Our holy God not only knows each and every event that will occur in our lives before it happens, he actually plans our lives down to the smallest detail—again, for our good and his glory.” Many will balk at such a statement, claiming that makes us robots or declaring that means God causes evil. Jessalyn recognizes the difficulty for a finite creation (humanity) to understand the ways of an infinitely holy, just, and righteous God who is our creator and sustainer. In response to those who take issue with her previous statement, she saliently comments, “What we must struggle to understand, of course, is how his goodness can also be expressed through the suffering he allows to enter our lives…we must assume that even something as horrible as miscarriage can be considered good as it passes through the Lord’s sovereign hand for his good purposes.”
Jessalyn also reminds the reader that we serve a Savior who is acquainted with grief. He came to earth and died on the cross for us. He experienced rejection. He shed tears of blood. Through that sacrifice, he has provided a solution to this sin and death problem. It is that glorious future that Jessalyn concludes her book with, reminding the reader that the “suffering we face presently will be overshadowed by the glorious inheritance yet to come. This is a battle we fight through faith. And as we fight, experiencing glimmers of our eternal reality along the way, our souls will be happy in Jesus.”
This is a book I highly recommend for anyone dealing with pain and sorrow in their life or who has questions about God’s sovereignty. Jessalyn Hutto does an excellent job of orienting the conversation to what God tells in His Word about His sovereignty and His plans for us. She shares these truths from the perspective of one who has gone through the midst of trial and who has been able to see God’s sovereignty work in her own life, even in the midst of the sorrow of miscarriage.
I received this book for free from Cruciform Press for this review. I was not required to write a positive review. The opinions I have expressed are my own. I am disclosing this in accordance with the Federal Trade Commission’s 16 CFR, Part 255 : “Guides Concerning the Use of Endorsements and Testimonials in Advertising.”
Michael Boling, Intelmin Apologetics
Amazon Review –
“So thankful for this book!”
Chances are, every person will encounter the tragedy of miscarriage in either herself, a family member or a friend. As I read this book, I mourned how inadequate I have been in the past in comforting friends walking through miscarriage. So many theological truths I could and should have comforted them with! Prepare yourself now by reading this book and educating yourself in the theology behind miscarriage.
Jessalyn so gently, yet powerfully shows us how truths about God in the Bible pertain so richly and accurately to miscarriage. She obviously has searched the Scriptures and found that God’s truths do not fall short for miscarriage sufferers. So thankful for this book!
Dale and Christina, in a 5-star review on Amazon
Amazon Review –
“Came to me at a time when I needed it most”
During times of grief and pain it’s easy to believe lies about why bad things happen and spiral into a cloud of depression and negativity. Inheritance of Tears came to me at a time when I needed it most. I was a few months into grieving a miscarriage and in a very low place. This book helped me replace lies with truth and restore my focus on Christ and the hope I have in Him. Women who suffer such loss need true biblical encouragement and can find it in this book.
Even if you have not suffered a miscarriage this book can help you be a huge encourager to those who have. I highly recommend this book!
Katie, in a 5-star review on Amazon
Melissa Affolter (verified owner) –
“This book is an important resource for the Church
This book may not offer any profound “new” perspective for the woman who has suffered a miscarriage, but what it does offer is so much more. It is a rehearsal of the foundational truths necessary to endure the trial of miscarriage well. It points the grieving mother away from the torments of her soul and directs her toward a sound mind and a hope-filled heart!
How does a never-married, childless woman (me) have much insight about miscarriage? Well, she doesn’t really – at least not experientially. But God does not demand that we have experienced miscarriage, or any trial for that matter, in order to help those who have. In fact, he calls all believers to love one another, encourage one another, and to bear one another’s burdens. I may not know exactly what the miscarrying woman deals with, but I do know that I must have a word for her! I have witnessed several dear friends endure the pain of miscarriage, and yet I can attest to a common theme – women don’t often share this pain with others. While revealing the loss is a personal choice, we must not contribute to their hesitancy in sharing due to our own insensitivity. This book is an important resource for the Church, helping Christians learn how to minister to the brokenhearted mothers in their midst. Furthermore, I believe it will prove to be an important tool in the counseling room, offering additional support to the counselor seeking to walk with a distressed mother throughout the grieving process.
Jessalyn writes with clarity, confidence in God’s Word, and kind compassion for the grieving mother. She provides important references for the deep theological questions which naturally arise when suffering hits our doorsteps. Relying on the authority of the Bible rather than intuition or personal feelings, Jessalyn’s book is replete with passages exegeted and applied in a way that brings comfort and healing for the hurting. Summarizing the book’s goal as, “…to help you see the unique trial of miscarriage within the broader context of God’s redemptive plan” (p.86), Jessalyn offers multiple reminders of God’s faithfulness to carry us in these dark days, and the hope of a future and final consolation with him. Toward the end of the book, Jessalyn calls the reader to reflect on the living hope found in the resurrection (I Peter 1:3-4). Our babies may no longer live here on this earth, but our hope remains!
Miscarriage results in suffering, loneliness, frustration, and a host of other emotions. There will never be a solution or a way to bring closure to the pain this side of heaven. However, miscarriage can bring about tremendous intimacy with Christ, drawing women to entrust their shattered hearts to the safety of his presence and promised goodness. I pray Jessalyn’s book will be a blessing to women around the world, providing comfort to the hurting and understanding to the rest of us.
Melissa Affolter
Travis Peterson –
The loss of a child through miscarriage is a tragic and deeply emotional event in the lives of parents. Those who have experienced such sorrow often struggle to know how to think it through biblically. Those who have not been visited with such heartbreak often struggle to know what to say or how to help someone who has.
It is a blessing to the church that Jessalyn Hutto chose to pen Inheritance of Tears. This short, clear, and helpful book offers God-honoring and timeless counsel for those who are walking through the valley of the shadow of the loss of an unborn child. Hutto is a woman who has experienced miscarriage in her life and who has a beautiful grasp of the character, sovereignty, and glory of God. She has found a great way to counsel others from the word of God with a heart of genuine understanding and compassion.
This book has multiple strengths. Hutto writes with a wonderfully biblical worldview. While she does not pretend to understand all of the reasons why God might have allowed sorrow to enter the life of a family, she continually focuses her readers on the things we do know: God is good, God is glorious, and God has not left us or failed us. She demonstrates from biblical and personal examples how believers have had to walk through great hardships in the past, and how God has never forsaken his own.
One great strength of the book is its final chapter. Hutton writes a very simple, biblical, and clear defense of the understanding that the unborn who are lost to miscarriage are souls who are rescued by Christ and whom we will meet at the resurrection. Her argument is not one that I had not heard before. However, her presentation is wonderfully simple, sweet, and to the point.
I would recommend this book without reservation to any believers who are struggling with the issue of the loss of a child, especially through miscarriage. I would also recommend this book to pastors, church elders, and teachers who know of others who have walked down this difficult path. We can all learn from Jessalyn Hutto to better help others who are facing tragic circumstances, whether we have ever faced them ourselves or not.
Amazon Review –
“I have already given the book to more than one friend who has experienced the terrible loss of miscarriage.”
This book was incredibly encouraging, and the author helpfully communicates deep biblical truths in a sensitive way to the tragedy of losing an unborn child. I found serious comfort from the gospel truths, and have already given the book to more than one friend who has experienced the terrible loss of miscarriage. I’m so thankful for such a solid resource that guides hearts and minds through this particular suffering to the beautiful hope found in the gospel.
Amber, in a five-star review on Amazon
Lauren DuPrez –
Inheritance of Tears was the first book I’ve ever read on the topic of miscarriage. I purchased my copy at a biblical counseling conference years ago hoping to one day read it in order to know how to care for women experiencing a miscarriage. I never imagined that I would count myself among them and I am so grateful that I had this book in my possession. Reading through Jessalyn’s stories of experiencing multiple miscarriages made me feel like I had a friend with me who understood the sorrow I was feeling. As I read through Inheritance of Tears, I felt like I had an older sister in the faith whose faith I could bank on when mine felt very fickle. The truths contained in the pages of the book are ones I know to be true in my head but my heart was struggling to believe. It was incredibly encouraging to be reminded afresh of the hope I have in Jesus many times over. Jessalyn does an exceptional job of consistently reminding grieving mothers of the gospel message by applying it to the various emotions women experience during and after miscarriage. I’m especially grateful for her tender words on page 65: “We face loss, pain, and death as those loved and comforted by our holy Savior. Jesus tasted death (Hebrews 2:9) and experienced grief partly for the purpose of personally sympathizing with us. He ‘nourishes and cherishes’ us (Ephesians 5:29) and prays for us even now (Romans 8:34). Indeed, because Christ voluntarily experienced the wrath of God on our behalf, we can experience his perfect and all-sufficient love for all of eternity. What’s more, as we suffer and experience the unique fellowship of the Son of God in our grief, our lives are being molded to more greatly resemble his, and our affections are being stirred toward greater love toward him. In this way, our suffering with Christ makes us more like Christ as we behold him with greater clarity. This is the fountain from which all sanctification flows, and suffering is perfectly suited to drive us to the Good Shepherd who so lovingly suffered on behalf of his lost sheep.”
Inheritance of Tears
I’m thankful for Jessalyn’s humility in sharing that she cried during the praise portion of a church service—it made me feel less alone as I found myself doing the same one Sunday morning. Her example helped me understand what it looks like to hold in tandem grief and obedience. Inheritance of Tears is an incredibly helpful read for anyone who is healing from miscarriage or for anyone who desires to care well for those who have and are.
Rachel Douvier (verified owner) –
I have read this book during each of my two miscarriages, and I thank God for this sister to point me to our Father in this overwhelming sorrow…making me to see Him, find comfort in Him, and actually rest in His perspective. I am buying multiple to pass along to others I meet who have also suffered a miscarriage regardless of how recent or in the past it may have been. This is a resource for all!